This article embarks on ethical trade-offs at the sustainability/finance interface by contrasting shareholders’ interest in short-term financial returns with society’s interest in counteracting ecological and social grievances. Scrutinizing share repurchases, we investigate a firm’s communicated sustainability orientation (i.e., its environmental and social value orientation) as well as its environmental and social sustainability performance. Our results are based on a large-scale panel dataset of 491 U.S. firms observed from 2004 to 2016. The dataset combines share buyback data with sustainability orientation scores (...) from shareholder letters and sustainability performance ratings. The econometric models suggest no association between social value orientation and repurchase volumes, but a significantly negative relationship between environmental value orientation and buybacks in a cubic form. Executive stock options partially attenuate this relationship. Share repurchases in turn negatively affect future environmental and social performance. This study grasps the consequences of firms’ short-term shareholder satisfaction and discusses its ethical implications in the context of firms’ contribution to sustainable development, thereby providing important insights to the business ethics discourse. (shrink)

Las definiciones ocupan un lugar muy importante en la _Ética_ de Spinoza, sin embargo, su naturaleza y su función permanecen aún en gran medida bajo un manto de oscuridad. Tal es así que numerosos comentadores han abordado el tema aunque nunca se ha llegado a un acuerdo definitivo. En el presente trabajo revisitaremos esta vieja cuestión comenzando por una reconstrucción de la doctrina spinoziana de la definición expuesta en diferentes partes del _corpus_. Para ello tomaremos como punto de referencia (...) la oposición entre definición real y definición nominal tal como aparece delineada en la doctrina de la _Lógica_ de Port Royal. Luego ofreceremos un examen de la naturaleza y función de las definiciones de la _Ética_. El recorrido realizado aquí nos permitirá, por un lado, determinar cuál de las interpretaciones en juego tiene mejores fundamentos y, por el otro, arrojar luz sobre la función de las definiciones en la metodología spinoziana. (shrink)

RESUMEN. “Justicia ambiental” es un binomio léxico complejo formado por un sustantivo (justicia) y un adjetivo (ambiental), lo cual no significa ni supone la prioridad o consecuente sumisión semántica de un té????????entescciado por un sustantivo (justicia) y un adjetivo (ambiental) que no supone la sumisiérmino sobre el otro, sino al contrario: la interacción e interdependencia de los componentes lingüísticos de la expresión refleja una predisposición del estado de ánimo e incluso una intención favorable u optimista hacia su aceptación incondicionada por (...) parte de todos, sin tener en cuenta la conveniencia de incidir en su contenido, equívoco o difuso en muchas ocasiones, bajo la necesaria observación de la evolución histórica del concepto desde un planteamiento político, social y jurídico. ABSTRACT. “Environmental justice” is a lexical binomial complex formed by a noun (justice) and a adjective (environmental), which neither means does not even suppose the priority or consistent semantic submission of a term to other one, but on the contrary: the interaction and interdependence of the linguistic components of the expression reflects a predisposition of the state of mind and even a favorable or optimistic intention towards his acceptance undetermined on the part of all, without bearing in mind the convenience of affecting in his content, pun or fuzzy in many occasions, under the necessary observation of the historical evolution of the concept from a political, social and juridical exposition. (shrink)

Mario Savio is widely known as the first spokesman for the Free Speech Movement. Having spent the summer of 1964 as a civil rights worker in segregationist Mississippi, Savio returned to the University of California at a time when students throughout the country were beginning to mobilize in support of racial justice and against the deepening American involvement in Vietnam. His moral clairty, his eloquence, and his democratic style of leadership inspired thousands of fellow Berkeley students to protest university (...) regulations that had severely limited political speech and activity on campus. The nonviolent campaign culminated in the largest mass arrest in American history, drew widespread faculty support, and resulted in a revision of university rules to permit political speech and organizing. This significant advance for student freedom rapidly spread to countless other colleges and universities across the country. Mario Savio went on to become a college teacher of physics, logic, and philosophy, to speak and organize in favor of immigrant rights and affirmative action and against U.S. intervention in Central America. He died on November 6, 1996, in the middle of a struggle against California State University fee hikes that hurt working-class students. Savio had submitted this article to the Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic before he died. Final revisions were made by Philip Clayton with the assistance of Mario's colleagues at Sonoma State University. As reader for the Journal, George Englebretsen not only provided an extensive commentary on the article--much of which has been incorporated here--but also assisted in the difficult task of making revisions without changing the substance of Mario's style or thought. It is fitting that this, Savio's final publication, would be pedagogical in orientation. For him, moral considerations were no less pertinent in logic than in philosophy's less abstract fields. The usual student confusion with Venn diagrams led him to develop the new pictorial device presented in the following pages, which he believed was more sensitive to user psychology. It is hard to miss the political overtones in Savio's closing worry that in Venn diagrams "information of real significance may occasionally appear hidden and distorted." The decision by the Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic to publish this piece posthumously is a testimony that logic, no less than other fields of philosophy, can be a tool of free speech and political change--as powerful in its way as the rhetorical brilliance of that young man standing on top of a police car who launched a worldwide movement with the words, "There is a time when the operation of the machine becomes so odious, makes you so sick at heart, you can't take part.". (shrink)

Philosophy is indeed currently at a low ebb, admits Bunge (logic and metaphysics, McGill U.), but cites earlier crises from which it has recovered and suggests how the situation can be improved now. His topics include humanism in the information revolution, diagnosing pseudo-science, and values and morals in a materialist and realist perspective. c. Book News Inc.

Insbesondere die Tragfähigkeit des transzendentalen Idealismus für Kants Metaphysik der Natur sowie die Schlüssigkeit seiner Moralphilosophie stehen in den Beiträgen des Bandes erneut auf dem Prüfstand. Zentrale Konzepte von Kants Transzendental- und Moralphilosophie, wie Substanz, Zeit, Freiheit und der kategorische Imperativ, werdenvor dem Hintergrund der Frage behandelt, wo Kant im Spannungsfeld zwischen traditionellem und modernem Wissenschaftsverständnis zu verorten ist. Bedeutende Vertreter der Kantforschung (u.a. H. E. Allison, P. Guyer, D. Schönecker, M.Caimi, H. Schmitz) liefern im vorliegenden Band Klärungen: Sie ordnen (...) Kant in den Kontext der Tradition und der zeitgenössischen Diskussion ein und ziehen produktive Vergleiche mit Autoren nach Kant, die sich kritisch mit ihm auseinander setzten. Der Band richtet sich an fortgeschrittene Studierende und Kantforscher, die sich einen repräsentativen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Debatte verschaffen wollen. (shrink)

En La communauté inavouable (1983), se ocupa Blanchot expresamente de pensar la comunidad de quienes no tienen comunidad, cuestión que había asomado ya en Le livre á venir (1959) y en L'entretien infini (1969). La presente conferencia se refiere a estos antecedentes. En la primera parte; sobre el relato de Duras El square (1956) y el ensayo de Blanchot que lo medita, El dolor del diálogo, indica la relación "ética" entre la conversación y la desgracia. La segunda parte, entre otros, (...) caracteriza el tiempo en que se da la rareza de la conversación, así como las experiencias que permiten al pensamiento no anteponerse a la desgracia pero tampoco abandonarse a la ausencia de pensamiento. La tercera parte lee los escritos Lo indestructible, La relación del tercer género, etcétera, para caracterizar los diferentes "niveles" de la desgracia en dirección a la posibilidad o a la imposibilidad de conversar. La cuarta y última parte vuelve sobre la primera con el propósito de precisar la comunidad de los que no tienen nada en común salvo su separación -diferente en cada uno- del mundo: la comunidad de la desgracia. (shrink)

En este artículo se exploran algunas de las relaciones entre lenguaje y subjetividad presentes en el pensamiento de Emmanuel Lévinas, principalmente, en sus obras Totalidad e infinito y De otro modo que ser. Asimismo, se expone cómo, para Lévinas, la subjetividad y el lenguaje se implican mutuamente para cuestionar la primacía del discurso ontológico e idealizante en la tradición filosófica. Lo que permite concluir que para Lévinas la subjetividad y el lenguaje son indisociables porque comparten su significancia ética y no (...) ontológica u epistemológica. (shrink)

Nowadays, football goalkeepers play an important role in the team's organization, namely, considering the offensive and defensive processes. The purpose of our investigation focuses on the notational and T-pattern analysis of the offensive and defensive actions of elite young football GKs. The participating GKs presented 8 years of experience in the specific position, were internationally selected for the national team of Portugal, and competed in the national U-17 championship of Portugal. Thirty football matches were observed. The observational sample consisted of (...) defensive actions and offensive actions. Two observational instruments were used to codify the actions: the observation system of defensive technical-tactical actions of GKs and the observation system of offensive technical-tactical actions of GKs. Both instruments underwent a validation process, and inter- and intra-observer reliability was tested. The codification of the actions was performed with the LINCE program, and later the data were exported to Microsoft Excel and THEME 5.0. The notational data were analyzed in SPSS, and T-pattern detection analysis was performed in THEME 5.0. The predominant actions of young observed GKs were fundamentally goal defense and participation in the team's offensive process construction through actions performed with the foot and hand. The analysis of T-patterns allowed to identify T-pattern actions in the defensive actions of goal defense and exit of the goal, as well as related to the defensive set pieces. In the offensive process, the analysis of T-patterns reinforced the participation of the GK in the team's first phase of construction and in the execution of goal kicks and actions that start as a result of the actions of the opponent. The GK's defensive actions are mostly focused on the objective of goal defense and offensive actions with the hands and feet are important for their participation in positional attack construction. Our study contributes to a better knowledge of the GK's actions in the competition and is relevant to be considered by the specific position coaches in the training process organization. (shrink)

Enrique Dussel's writings span the theology of liberation, critiques of discourse ethics, evaluations of Marx, Levinas, Habermas, and others, but most importantly, the development of a philosophy written from the underside of Eurocentric modernist teleologies, an ethics of the impoverished, and the articulation of a unique Latin American theoretical perspective. This anthology of original articles by U.S. philosophers elucidating Dussel's thought, offers critical analyses from a variety of perspectives, including feminist ones. Also included is an essay by Dussel that responds (...) to these essays. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza la cosmovisión del narrador de La ciudad y los perros en función del efecto catártico, caracterizado por conseguir la identificación con los personajes o los escenarios representados en el texto. Para obtener esa sensibilidad anhelada en el lector, es imprescindible el conocimiento de los mecanismos que conllevan la asociación de patrones afines. Por ello, se recurrirá a conceptos de Mario Perniola, Slavoj Žižek, entre otros, para determinar el desarrollo de ese proyecto de lectura idealizada. Considerando esa (...) posibilidad, se asume que durante ese proceso está presente la asimilación y el rechazo de información; es más, se erige una actitud crítica y hasta una repulsión por actos antiéticos (la violencia). Igual ocurrirá con respecto al planteamiento de la representación de la historia en la novela como trama, debido a que el lector requiere una secuencia lógica que pueda comprender (hilvanará secuencias lógicas, a pesar de que estas se muestren técnicamente dispersas o confusas); por ese motivo, la exigencia en función de su atención y su captación será necesaria (así se podrá negar o aceptar una propuesta exhibida, cuestionarla u obviarla). (shrink)

This article explores how post-war documentary film-makers negotiated complex social, formal, and autobiographical issues associated with representing mental illness and its treatments, and the extent to which their respective approaches helped to challenge conventional attitudes to alternative psychotherapies – especially within the context of advances in new documentary film-making technologies, alongside a wider culture of social activism. Focussing on A Look at Madness ( Regard sur la folie; Mario Ruspoli, 1962, France) and Now Do You Get It Why I (...) Am Crying? ( Begrijpt u nu waarom ik huil?; Louis van Gasteren, 1969, Netherlands), the article discusses how the collaborative, democratic aims of cinéma direct coincided with the ethos of institutional psychotherapy, and compares this with the relations between the documentary form and the subject of LSD-assisted psychotherapeutic techniques in Van Gasteren's film. (shrink)

Evandro Agazzi’s volume Scientific Objectivity and its Contexts is here introduced. First, the genesis and the content of the book are outlined. Secondly, an overview of Agazzi’s philosophy of science is provided. Its main roots are epistemological realism in the Aristotelian/scholastic tradition, and contemporary science-oriented epistemology, especially in Logical Empiricism. As a result, Agazzi’s thought is nicely balanced between empiricism and rationalism, it avoids gnoseologistic dualism by stressing the intentionality of knowledge, and it insists on the operational and referential character (...) of science. Finally, an account is given of Agazzi’s view of the origin and nature of scientific objects, which allows to understand how his sophisticated and “perspectival” realism differs both from naïve realism and constructivism. (shrink)